JECET : Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology. E-ISSN : 2278-179X

      JECET : Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology

Research Papers in Env Science

Motor vehicle emission measurement model based on dynamic traffic information

Chunyan ZHENG, Guanglei OU, Yujiao HAO, Jiaojiao LI,Congcong CAO and Dong GUO,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.45159.]

 In order to accurately evaluate the emission situation of urban road network, this paper takes Zibo city as the research object, obtains the second-by-second emission data reflecting the actual road characteristics and vehicle characteristics through vehicle emission experiments, and establishes a motor vehicle emission measurement model coupled with the real-time road conditions using the vehicle experimental data. It is verified that the error of pollutant emissions calculated by the model is less than 10% of the actual measured value, and the accuracy of the model is good, which can be applied to the measurement of motor vehicle emissions in Zibo city road network and provide data support for the subsequent formulation of emission reduction measures.

Physico-chemical Studies of Ground water and Filter water samples in Pavagada Taluk, Tumakur District, Karnataka, India

Sripathy L and AkshayKumar D L,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.46069]

The main objective of our study was to convey the importance of water to mankind. We can survive without food for several weeks, because our body will gradually switch to using stored fat and protein to make its energy, but cutoff of water supply leads to death of mankind within few days. Around two third of our body is water. On average we need 2.4 liters of water on each day to keep us healthy that’s the only reason people spend so much of money on water filters that will remove harmful impurities .in the early ages before the existence of filters, tubehole water was one of the sources of drinking water in our taluk. But according to the analysis in the recent years we found that this tubehole water had contamination of fluoride (2). In the later years many research scholars took initiative for the removal of fluoride in the tubehole water. This initiated us to make a comparative study to assess the quality of both filter and tubehole water found in the region of Pavagada. Unfortunately through our research we found that some of the water samples were unfit for drinking. Water samples of few areas were selected for qualitative analysis of water. Water samples were analyzed forexamination ofpH, Alkalinity, Acidity,Conductivity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total hardness, Calcium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Nitrate, Fluoride and Sulphate. It is important to monitor the physical properties of both filter and tubehole water, as it is a early warning signal that something is happening to water.  

Development of Folk Wisdom Curriculum Course for Enhancing Early Childhoodsof their Developmental Domains at the Child Development Centers (CDCs) in Bueng Kan’s Local Administrative Organization

Supangjit Kanlayakaew,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.47087.]

Designing the Research & Development (R&D) method in four phases for inventing to develop of folk wisdom curriculum course for enhancing early childhoods of their five developmental domain skills at the Child Development Centers (CDCs) in Bueng Kan’s Local Administrative Organization was invented to make sense the instructional local classroom learning environment using the innovative lesson plans on the Folk Wisdom Curriculum Course (FWCC) is the instructional tool with the Interview Form, the 30-item Questionnaire on Folk Wisdom Curriculum Course (QLWCC) on 5 scales, and the Lesson Experiencing Plan Innovation (LEPI) Assessment on four instructional lesson plans were assessed of 150 educational personnel (EP) at 16 Child Development Centers under the Bueng Kan’s Provincial Administrative Organization with the local folk wisdom who are expert professional on culture, local festival, local language, storytelling etc., were participated in five main developing early childhood of their  physical, mental, emotional, social, and language. The average mean score indicated that of 3.40, α-reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.85 for the QLWCC. The EPs’ assessing outcomes with the LEPI are differentiated significantly at 0.01 with pretest-posttest-design model. The interviewees’ responses of their opinions indicated that of the caregivers and teachers lack knowledge and understanding of early childhood education management principles, they didn’t understand the curriculum for early childhood, including the analysis of the curriculum by age group. The Local Folk Wisdom Curriculum Course should include activities that are consistent with the child's age-related development including the development of early childhood on all 5 main areas.        

Bioethanol Production from Selected Species of Astera Plants by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation using Dilute Acid and Alkaline Extraction Pretreatment Methods

Kevin Client B. Matutes and Ronnie L. Besagas, [DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.48895]

The need for alternative renewable energy resources have variegated science in the 20th century due to economic and environmental security concerns of the society brought by increasing fuel demands with respect to global population growth. This research has investigated the potential second generation ethanol feedstock of invasive perennial weed species of Astera plant family which have been polluting local grazing land areas for a long time. Using gas chromatograph – mass spectrometer, dilute acid and alkaline extraction pretreatment methods along with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using commercially available enzymes have found out to produce significant amounts of converted bioethanol ranging from 1.969% to 12.217% yield per dried weight of biomass used. The research has also confirmed the significant difference in the bioethanol yield between non-pretreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with one-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Hence, it is highly recommended to venture the potential of sustainable perennial plant species as feedstock biomass and determine optimization mechanism for alternative efficient pretreatments for sustainable and efficient ways of alternative bioethanol production.

Benefits and challenges of Big Data in healthcare: A Systematic Review of the Pakistan Initiatives

Rao Muhammad Mahtab Mahboob, Mubashir Imam, Mueed Ahmed Mirza and Majid Khawar,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.49603]

Big Data is a terminology that deals with the enormous volume of data that exist in structured and unstructured form, it is a big challenge to process that data with the help of common techniques. Data is captured from different sources including applications, servers, mobile devices, and others. Big data help the organization to make faster for intelligent decision making. In this research work we review the essential issues, research gaps in digital health care system in Pakistan. We will investigate the current open research issues with an objective to spark new research attention in this field that is helpful for the researcher. Finally we summarize our review work by introducing report and suggesting the framework for different Challenges. We believe that this paper will fulfill exceptional information for the interested student and researcher, in this abundant recent research area.

GIS and Remote Sensing Based Morphometric Analysis of River Niger- Benue Basin Kogi State, Nigeria

Ahuchaogu Udo. E, Ojinnaka O. C., Njoku R. E, Duru Uchenna. U,.[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.50416]

In this study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of kogi river Niger-benue basin by drawing inferences from morphometric analysis. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of Remote Sensing and Geographic information systems (GIS) in the mapping and morphological analysis of the basin in question. River basin delineation, maping of slope, aspect, flow direction, flow accumulation, and Stream ordering have been accomplished using Hydrology tool in ArcGIS 10.2. Software. Strahler's and Horton’s method of stream ordering have been used for all stream related calculations.  Drainage characteristic such as stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, Bifurcation Ratio, Basin length, Basin’s perimeter, Form factor, Drainage density ,circulatory ratio and stream frequency have been calculate . The river basin is designated as 4th order basin, with 1st order streams dominating. Strahler’s method of stream ordering adopted,  revealed that the basins have seven (7) four order streams, twenty two (22) third order streams, thirty eight (38)second order streams and eighty six(86) first order streams. This study further recorded a drainage density of 0.089612 km-2, stream frequency of 0.005391 km-2, and circulatory ratio of 0.298 with a value of 0.247 for the form factor. These inferences shows that the basin is drainage coarse textured, low stream frequency, fairly elongated in shape and low discharge potential.

Evaluation of the effectiveness in the implementation of income-generating activities (IGA) in favour of the riparian population of Maiko National Park (PNM) / southern sector

Doudou KINTU MAYAKA; Joseph AMISI LUGABA; et Gloire MUKAKU KAZADI ,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.51728]

The overall objective of this work was to assess the effectiveness of Income Generating Activity (IGA) in the maintenance of school and health infrastructure built by the Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation in favour of the population living near the National Park of the Maiko / Southern Sector. At the end of our research, while relying above all on the effectiveness of IGAs in the maintenance of school and health infrastructure, we came to find the results according to which: 65.3% of our respondents showed that the Activities  Income generators chosen were not effective in the maintenance of infrastructure following a plague which had devastated almost three quarters of goats and also the lack of mastery of the method of cultivation of corn and rice which made a constraint to the realization of these activities. In view of the difficulties encountered in the implementation of IGAs, the respondents expressed their preferences as part of a reorientation of the choices in relation to the specificities of the environment.  To this end, 44.1% of our respondents prefer fish farming while 11.7% still encourage the rearing of small livestock, then 23.5% of our respondents planned the rearing of large livestock and in order to 20, 5% opted for the pharmacy.

Evaluation de l’efficacité dans la mise en œuvre des activités génératrices des revenus (AGR) en faveur de la population riveraine de Parc National de la Maiko (PNM)/secteur sud.

Doudou KINTU MAYAKA; Joseph AMISI LUGABA; et Gloire MUKAKU KAZADI,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.52941]

Le présent travail avait pour objectif global d’évaluer l’efficacité des Activité Génératrice de Revenus (AGR) dans la maintenance des infrastructures scolaires et sanitaires construites par l’Institut Congolais pour Conservation de la Nature en faveur de la population riveraine de Parc National de la Maiko/Secteur Sud.A l’issue de notre recherche, tout en se basant surtout à l’efficacité des AGR dans la maintenance des infrastructures scolaires et sanitaires, nous sommes arrivés à trouver les résultats selon lesquels :  65,3% de nos répondants ont montré  que les Activités Génératrice de Revenus choisies n’étaient pas efficaces dans la maintenance des infrastructures suite à une peste qui avait ravagé presque trois quart de chèvres et aussi la non maitrise de la méthode culturale de maïs et riz qui a fait une contrainte à la réalisation de ces activités.Au regard des difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre des AGR, les enquêtés ont émis leurs préférences dans le cadre d’une réorientation des choix par rapport aux spécificités du milieu. A cet effet, 44,1% de nos répondants préfèrent la pisciculture tandis que 11,7% encouragent encore l’élevage de petit bétail, en suite 23,5% de nos enquêtés ont projeté l’élevage de grand bétail et afin 20,5% ont opté pour la pharmacie.

Alcoholic Green Fruits Extract of Abroma augustam Linn.(Ulatkambal) Used for the Treatment of Diabetes

M. Das, Aurpita shaha, K.K. Biswas and R. K. Shaha,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.54252]

Herbal medicines are getting more importance in the treatment of various diseases like diabetes, cancer and hepatic disorder. Diabetes mellitus still is the serious medical problem to human health due to rapid increase and cause of death in the developed and developing countries. It characterizes by hyperglycemia because there is the defect in insulin secretion, or the reduced sensitivity of the tissue to insulin formation. Apart from currently available therapeutic options, many herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of diabetes. The newer anti-hyperglycemic drugs continue searching because the existing synthetic drugs have several limitations. Herbal drugs are prescribed widely because of their effectiveness, less side effects and relatively low cost. Abroma augustam Linn is one of such ayurvedic remedy (medicinal plant) that has mentioned in many Bangladesh and Indian medicinal literatures. Abroma augustam contains several kinds of glycosides, flavonoids, Gallic acid and phenolic compounds in varies plant parts extract. Researchers have shown the scientific support for the use of Abroma augustam  roots, bark and leaves extract in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of  diabetes mellitus. However, there are no data available about the hypoglycemic activity of green fruits and mature flower of A. augustam. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the antidiabetic potential of A. augustam green fruits and mature flowers extract for preparing new treatment of diabetes mellitus with the formulation of novel drugs.

Fishing practice using ichthyotoxic plants and its impact on aquatic biodiversity in the buffer zone of Lomami National Park (Chiefdom of Bangengele) in R.D.C.

Doudou KINTU MAYAKA; Pierre YUMA MADJALIWA et N’SHIMBA SEYA WA MALALE, Tony KASEKE,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.55365]

The overall objective of this study was to analyze the practice of ichthyotoxic plants and its impacts on aquatic biodiversity in the buffer zone of Lomami National Park.To do this, the methodological approach was based on the MARP (Accelerated Method of Participatory Research), insofar as it takes into account the active participation and the free expression of the points of view and the practices of the members of the communities.  Targeted. It emerges from this study that the ichthyotoxic plants most exploited in the different biotopes of the study sites provided 8 species including Pachyelasma tessmannii, Bligia welwitschii, Tephrosia vogellii, Drypetes gossweileri, Adhadota bolomboensis, Derris elliptica, Tetraptera tetrapleura and others.In the years 1980-1990, we could collect up to 5 tonnes of fish but the sudden drop was observed in the years 1997-2000, despite the increase in the quantity of fish during the years 2001-2004 following the war only to cross the Democratic Republic of Congo, causing an abandonment of rivers by the fleeing community, in 2020 the quantity fished would be less than 1 ton.Currently, fishing is done two or three times a year with an estimated annual income of between $ 250 to $ 400 according to the response of 65% of our respondents.  In addition, 25% of respondents revealed to us that this activity can provide up to $ 450 to $ 500 per year and finally, 5% confirmed that income can go beyond $ 500 due to a monthly income ranging from $ 20 to $ 40. In view of this, it is obvious to relaunch productive alternative activities to fishing against the use of ichthyotoxic products, and finally to increase the socio-economic income of the riparian population and ensure the sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems.

Pratique de pêche par usage des plantes ichtyotoxiques et son impact sur la biodiversité aquatique dans la zone tampon du Parc National de la Lomami (Chefferie des Bangengele) en R.D.C.

Doudou KINTU MAYAKA ; Pierre YUMA MADJALIWA et N’SHIMBA SEYA WA MALALE, Tony KASEKE,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.56678]

La présente étude avait pour objectif global d’analyser la pratique des plantes ichtyotoxiques et ses impacts sur la biodiversité aquatique dans la zone tampon du Parc National de la Lomami. Pour ce faire, L’approche méthodologique s’est basée d’une part sur la MARP (Méthode Accélérée de Recherche Participative), dans la mesure où elle prend en compte la participation active et l’expression libre des points de vue et les pratiques des membres des communautés ciblées.Il ressort de cette étude que les plantes ichtyotoxiques les plus exploités dans les différents biotopes des sites d’étude a fourni 8 espèces dont Pachyelasma tessmannii, Bligia welwitschii, Tephrosia vogellii, Drypetes gossweileri, Adhadota bolomboensis, Derris elliptica, Tetraptera tetrapleura et autres.Dans les années 1980-1990, on pouvait ramasser jusqu’à 5 tonnes de poissons mais la chute brutale s’est observée dans les années 1997-2000, malgré l’augmentation de quantité de poissons au cours des années 2001-2004 suite à la guerre qu’à traverser la République Démocratique du Congo, causant un abandon de rivières par la communauté en fuite, en 2020 la quantité pêchée est inférieure à 1 tonne.Actuellement, la pêche s’effectue deux ou trois fois par an avec un revenu annuel estimé entre 250 à 400 $ selon la réponse de 65% de nos répondants. En outre, 25% des enquêtés nous ont révélé que cette activité peut procurer jusqu’à 450 à 500 $ par an et enfin, 5% ont confirmé que le revenu peut aller au-delà de 500$ en raison d’un revenu mensuel allant de 20 à 40$.Aux vues de cela, il est évident de relancer les activités alternatives productives à la pêche contre l'usage des produits ichtyotoxiques enfin d’accroitre le revenu socio-économique de la population riveraine et d’assurer la gestion durable des écosystèmes aquatiques.       

Application Effects of Organic Waste (Dejections of Pigs and Hen Fientes) on the Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Lwama 1, City of Kindu.

Mubwana Shabani César , Shadari Salumu A. and Okoko Olongoa. [DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.57983]

This research consisted of carrying out a study on the effects of application of organic waste on the productivity of tomatoes (cherry variety) at the Lwama I site in Kindu. The research aimed to: Evaluate the two types of organic waste (chicken droppings and pig droppings) on tomato productivity; Determine which of the two types of organic waste used can increase the yield of tomatoes in our growing medium.To achieve this, a randomized complete block device comprising three (3) treatments and six repetitions was set up.The results obtained showed that the average yield in all the treatments was 6.1T / ha. However, the highest yield was observed in treatment two (chicken manure) with 8.3T / ha; while the lowest yield was observed with the control treatment (unfertilized land) with 2.5T / ha.

Effets D’application De Dechets Organiques (Dejections De Porcs Et Fientes De Poules) Sur La Productivite De La TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum) à Lwama 1, Ville de Kindu

Mubwana Shabani César, Shadari Salumu A. ; Okoko Olongoa.[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.58489.]

Cette recherche consistait à mener une étude sur les effets d’application des déchets organiques sur la productivité de la tomate (variété cerise) dans le site Lwama I à Kindu. La recherche visait à : Evaluer les deux types de déchets organiques (Fientes de poules et déjections de porcs) sur la productivité de la tomate ; Déterminer parmi les deux types de déchets organiques utilisés, lequel permet d’accroitre le rendement de la tomate dans notre milieu de culture. Pour y arriver, un dispositif en blocs complets randomisés comportant trois (3) traitements et six répétitions a été aménagé.Les résultats obtenus ont montré que,le rendement moyen dans l’ensemble des traitements a été de 6,1T/ha. Cependant, le rendement le plus élevé était observé au traitement deux (fiente de poules) avec 8,3T/ha ; tandis que le rendement le plus faible était observé au traitement témoin (terrain non fertilisé) avec 2,5T/ha. 

Influence of Organic Amendments (Cow dung, wood ash and chicken dung) on the Yield of Baselle (Basella alba).

Okoko Olongo Alphonse ; Shadari Salumu A.; Mubwana Shabani C.[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.59094.]

The general objective of this work was to study the influence of organic amendments (cow dung, wood ash and chicken droppings) on the yield of basella (Basella alba).To achieve this, a randomized complete block system comprising four repetitions and four treatments was set up. In fact, the highest and best yield was obtained with treatment three (chicken manure) which gave 18.3t / ha.Therefore, we recommend that peasants and Farmers use chicken manure in order to increase the yield of the baselle.

Influence Des Amendements Organiques (Bouse de vaches, cendre de bois et fiente de poules) Sur Le Rendement De La Baselle (Basella alba).

Okoko Olongo Alphonse ; Shadari Salumu A. et Mubwana Shabani C.[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.59599.]

Le présent travail avait comme objectif général d’étudier l’influence des amendements organiques (bouses de vaches, cendre de bois et fientes de poules) sur le rendement de la baselle (Basella alba).Pour y arriver, un dispositif en blocs complets randomisés comportant quatre répétitions et quatre traitements a été mis en place.En effet, le rendement le plus élevé et le meilleur a été obtenu au traitement trois (fiente de poules) qui a donné 18,3t/ha.Ainsi donc, nous recommandons aux paysans et Agriculteurs d’utiliser la fiente de poules afin d’accroitre le rendement de la baselle.

Analysis of the Incidence and Severity of Touffu Summit Disease (B.B.T.D.) of Cultivated Banana Trees in Case in the City of Kindu and its HinterlandsA

SHADARI SALUMU Al hadid, MWEMEDI SIMAUNDU Cinto SOSTHÈNE KITABY K., MUBWANA SHABANI César.[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.60010]

The general objective of this study was to analyse the incidence and severity of the tufted top disease (B.B.T.D.) case of bananas grown in huts in the town of Kindu and its hinterlands. Indeed, its specific objectives were to: Determine the level of attack according to the BBTD rating scale on the different cultivars of bananas cultivated in Kindu and its hinterlands; Identify resistant and susceptible cultivars in relation to the incidence and severity of BBTD; Specify the sites in the study environment most attacked by the BBTD. In order to achieve these objectives, we used the analytical and comparative method. Indeed, data collection was made possible using the BBDV rating scale that we used.. The results obtained showed that: The incidence of BBTV in the study area was most noticeable in the hinterlands of Kindu town. However, the highest incidence was noted at the sites: PK16 KALEMBA route LOKANDO with 58.71%, followed by PK10 MISENGE with 54.85% and PK7 KATAKO with 53.16%.On the other hand, five (5) cultivars were identified Kebobo, Mbudi, Muyahudi, Ndogila and Nsekumuna. Thus, cultivar KEBOBO has a higher rate respectively with 48.6% and cultivar MFUBA NDOGILA with 47.87%.The severity of BBTV in the study area was abundant at level 2 (dark streaks to pseudostem) and level 4 (reduced size of discolored leaves); nevertheless, the Alunguli Center, Alunguli Sud and PK7 Katako road Kibombo sites respectively presented a higher severity rate with 95.5% at level 3 and 86.66% at level 4 and 64.58% at level 4, respectively. Thus, the cultivar with the highest incidence rate compared to others was cultivar Nsekumuna with 44% and a severity of 39.57% followed by the others.At this level growers can use cultivars Mbudi and Muyahudi because they have been slightly resistant to BBTD compared to other cultivars.

Analyse De L’incidence Et La Sévérité De La Maladie Du Sommet Touffu (B.B.T.D.) Des Bananiers Cultives En Case Dans La Ville De Kindu Et Ses Hinterlands

SHADARI SALUMU Al hadid, MWEMEDI SIMAUNDU Cinto SOSTHÈNE KITABY K., MUBWANA SHABANI César.[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.61122]

Cette étude avait comme objectif général d’Analyser l’incidence et la sévérité de la maladie du sommet touffu (B.B.T.D.)  Cas de bananiers cultivés en case dans la ville de Kindu et ses hinterlands. En effet, elle avait comme objectifs spécifiques de :Déterminer le niveau d’attaque suivant l’échelle de cotation de BBTD sur les différents cultivars de bananiers cultivés à Kindu et ses hinterlands ;Identifier les cultivars résistants et sensibles par rapport à l’incidence et la sévérité de BBTD ;Préciser les sites dans le milieu d’étude le plus attaqué par le BBTD .En vue d’atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons utilisé la méthode analytique et comparative. En effet, la récolté des données a été rendu possible à l’aide de l’échelle de cotation de BBDV que nous avons utilisé.Les résultats obtenus ont montré que : L’incidence de BBTV dans la zone d’étude a été plus remarquée dans les hinterlands de la ville de Kindu. Cependant, l’incidence la plus élevée était notée aux sites : PK16 Kalemba route Lokando avec 58,71%, suivi de PK10 Misenge avec 54,85% et PK7 Katako avec 53, 16%.Par contre, cinq (5) cultivars ont été identifiés Kebobo, Mbudi, Muyahudi, Ndogila ET Nsekumuna. Ainsi, le cultivar Kebobo présente un taux plus élevé respectivement avec 48,6% et le cultivar Mfuba Ndogila avec 47,87%.La sévérité de BBTV dans la zone d’étude était abondant au niveau 2 (stries foncées jusqu’au pseudo-tronc) et niveau 4 (taille réduite de feuilles décolorées) ; néanmoins, les sites Alunguli Centre, Alunguli Sud et PK7 Katako route Kibombo ont présenté respectivement un taux de sévérité plus élevée respectivement avec 95,5% au niveau 3 et 86,66% niveau 4 et 64,58% niveau 4.Ainsi, le cultivar ayant présenté un taux d’incidence la plus élevée par rapport à d’autres était le cultivar Nsekumuna avec 44% et une sévérité de 39,57% suivi des autres.A ce niveau les cultivateurs peuvent utiliser les cultivars Mbudi et Muyahudi Car ils ont été légèrement résistants au BBTD par rapport aux autres cultivars.

Educational Management Administrations through the Early Childhood Motor Skills’ Development for the Entire Royal Thai Police Administrative System in Border Patrol Police Schools

Teera pol Pengchan ,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.62351]

To appropriate statistical procedures were validated the five questionnaires, namely, the 30-item Child Development Assessment Form (CDAF), the 30-item Questionnaire on Teacher Behaviour Interaction (QTBI), the 30-item Questionnaire on Resulting BPP School Administration Inventory (QRASI), the 24-item Educational Knowledge Management Administration Model (EKMAM), and he 36-item Questionnaire on Satisfied BPP Administration Inventory (QSBAI) are valid and reliable. Comparisons between 198-pretest-posttest-design personnel’ perceptions through 56 early childhoods at the 1st and 2nd  levels whose ages between 3-5 years old in six classes in the Border Patrol Police Schools under the Commander-in-Chief, Superintendent of the Royal Thai Police 24 in Buengkan Province, Thailand. There were differences between the Pre-Actual with the Post-Actual Forms indicated that the seven sample target groups’ perceptions on Post-Actual Form would prefer more than Pre-Actual Form on all scales of the five instruments. An investigation of the associations between the sample target groups’ perceptions of their EKMAM, QTBI, QRASI, and the QSBAI with the CDAF, statistically significant are differences with the simple and multiple correlations, and multiple regression analysis at the levels of .05. The determination coefficient predictive (R2) values indicate that 18%, 28%, 40%, and 35%; and 67%, 51%, 61%, and 52% for the Pre and Post Forms of the EKMAN, QTBI, QSBAI, and QRSAI of the variances in improvement early childhoods on five main skills for health care development system (CDAF) were attributable the educational management  administrations through the their motor skills’ development according to the entire Royal Thai Police Administrative System in Border Patrol Police Schools, respectively. 

Perception of Climate Change, Environmental Impacts and Endogenous Adaptation Strategies implemented by Misenge Farmers in the Hinterland of the city of Kindu, Province of Maniema in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Gloire Mukaku Kazadi, Pierre Yuma Madjaliwa, Défi Amuri Assani , Lingot BULEDI AMURI ,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.65261]

This study was carried out in the town of Kindu from December 2020 to February 2021 and had the overall objective of determining the perception of climate change, the environmental impacts and the endogenous adaptation strategies implemented by the farmers of Misenge to deal with this phenomenon. To achieve this, the data collection techniques used were mainly based on sociological surveys carried out with 123 farmers in Misenge and the percentage chosen as a comparison index of the significance level of the data. It therefore emerged that the agriculture practiced in Misenge is mainly rain-fed (100% of farmers); no farmer in Misenge has access to agricultural credit or is subsidized, only 14% of farmers in Misenge admitted to having received training on different agricultural technologies at least once. The decrease and irregularity of the rains, the late start of the rainy season, the early stopping of the rains, the higher frequency of dry sequences, the occurrence of violent winds and eddies, dust mists; hotter days, increasingly hotter nights, shortened cold periods, appearance and extension of barren soils, gravelly soils, appearance and spread of crop diseases and pests, decrease in herbaceous plants, drying out and death of trees are all facts observed by the inhabitants of Misenge which may be attributable to climate change. So to face these climate changes, the farmers of Misenge implement and use several strategies: Appeal to the gods (54%), Cultural nomadism (89%), use of seeds of improved varieties (12%), adjustment of the agricultural calendar. compared to sowing periods (85%), the use of chemical fertilizers to increase yields (2%).

Perception du Changement Climatique, Impacts Environnementaux et Stratégies Endogènes d’Adaptation  mises en œuvre par les Agriculteurs de Misenge à l’Hinterland de la ville de Kindu, Province du Maniema  en République Démocratique du Congo

GloireMukaku Kazadi, Pierre Yuma Madjaliwa, Défi Amuri Assani , Lingot BULEDI AMURI ,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.66273.]

Cette étude s’est effectuée en ville de Kindu du mois de Décembre 2020 au mois de Février 2021 et avait comme objet global de déterminer la perception du changement climatique, les impacts environnementaux et les stratégies d'adaptations endogènes mises en œuvre par les agriculteurs de Misenge pour faire face à ce phénomène.Pour y parvenir les techniques de collecte des données utilisées ont relevé essentiellement des enquêtes sociologiques réalisées auprès de 123 agriculteurs de Misenge et le pourcentage choisi comme indice de comparaison du seuil de signification des données.Il en est donc ressortit que l’agriculture pratiquée à Misenge est essentiellement pluviale  (100% des agriculteurs) ; aucun agriculteur de Misenge n’a accès aux crédits agricoles ou n’est subventionné, seulement 14% d’agriculteurs de Misenge  ont avoués avoir déjà bénéficié d’au moins une fois d’une formation sur différentes technologies agricoles.La baisse et l’irrégularité des pluies, le démarrage tardif de la saison des pluies, l’arrêt précoce des pluies, la fréquence plus élevée des séquences sèches, la survenue des vents et tourbillons violents, des brumes de poussières ; jours plus chauds, nuits de plus en plus chaudes, périodes froides écourtées, apparition et extension des sols dénudés, des sols gravillonnaires, apparition et extension des maladies des cultures et des parasites, diminution des herbacées, dessèchement et mort des arbres sont autant des faits observés par les habitants de Misenge pouvant être imputables aux changements climatiques.Ainsi pour faire face à ces  changements climatiques les agriculteurs de Misenge mettent en œuvre et utilisent plusieurs stratégies : Appel aux dieux (54%), Nomadisme cultural (89%), utilisation des semences des variétés améliorées (12%), ajustement du calendrier agricole par rapport aux périodes de semis (85%), l’utilisation des engrais chimiques pour augmenter les rendements (2%).

Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Using Minimum Spanning Forest and Markov Random Field Classifier

Dr. R.Priya, Dr. R. Ramya and Dr. M. Senthilmurugan, [DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.67488.]

Hyperspectral remote sensing is one of the advanced technologies which began in early 1980s and is one of the most significant breakthroughs in remote sensing. Image acquisition, feature extraction and classification play a vital role during the classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. AVIRIS could be a refined and complicated optical sensor system involving variety of major subsystems, components and characteristics. Therefore Image Acquisition is done using AVIRIS sensors. The selection of appropriate remotely detected information needs considering factors like the needs of the end user, the scale and characteristics of the study area, available image data and their characteristics, cost and time constraints, and the analyst’s experience in using the selected images. Nonparametric Weighted Fuzzy Feature Extraction method is used here which merges the Nonparametric Weighted Feature Extraction and Nonparametric Fuzzy Feature Extraction. Classification could be a difficult however necessary task for hyperspectral remote sensing applications, as well as land use analysis, pollution observance, wide-area intelligence activity, and field surveillance. A multiple classifier system is a powerful solution to classify the Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images. The Minimum Spanning Forest approach is well suitable for spectrally confusing classes. Markov Random Field classifier is well suitable for spatial information. Hence this work employs spectral classification using Minimum Spanning Forest classifier and spatial classification using Markov Random Field classifier and combines the results of MSF and MRF using decision fusion.

Rapid fall in Active cases of COVID-19 in Indian Territory of Lakshadweep Further Confirmed the Existence of A Long Term Non-Specific Immunity in the Population that protected against Severe COVID-19 with decreased Mortality

Prabir Chakravarty, Ph.D,[DOI: 10.24214/jecet.A.10.4.68999.]

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has become a formidable enemy to mankind for its ability to quickly mutate & evade the immune system of the host. We have reported earlier that the territory of Lakshadweep in India reported the first case of COVID-19 in January, 2021 long after its invasion in the other states of the country. And following its first appearance, there was gradual spread of the disease in the population which was waning by the end of March, 2021. The waning of COVID-19 was attributed to prior immunization of the population with MMR (Mumps Measles Rubella) vaccine. In this article we have continued the study until July 31, 2021 and a significant observation was that after a pause in the number of COVID-19 cases, there was an increase in number of confirmed & active cases of COVID-19. However, an abrupt fall in the number of active cases of COVID-19 followed and by six months there were insignificant number of active cases of COVID-19. Significance of these observations has been discussed in this article. 

Journal Indexing


International Scientific Indexing (ISI).




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